feat: simplify production backups with SCP

2026-08-08 01:14:19 +08:00 · 2026-08-08 01:14:19 +08:00 · 0c5c6040bc
parent 99933da2c8
commit 0c5c6040bc
6 changed files with 128 additions and 31 deletions
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@ -19,8 +19,12 @@ TEST_MODE=false
 POSTGRES_DB=cents
 POSTGRES_USER=cents
 POSTGRES_PASSWORD=change-me
-# Host uid/gid used by the backup container when writing ./backups/db.
-BACKUP_UID=1001
-BACKUP_GID=1001
+# Optional off-site backup over SCP. Leave BACKUP_SSH_HOST empty to disable.
+# Each PostgreSQL dump is copied to the remote with its timestamped filename.
+# The current host user's ~/.ssh is mounted read-only for key authentication.
+BACKUP_SSH_HOST=
+BACKUP_SSH_USER=backup
+BACKUP_SSH_PORT=22
+BACKUP_SSH_DIR=
 APP_TIME_ZONE=Asia/Shanghai
 EXCHANGE_RATE_API_URL=https://api.frankfurter.dev
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -85,9 +85,34 @@ docker compose --env-file .env -f compose.pro.yaml exec api \

 ## 生产数据库备份

-`backup` 容器每天北京时间 `03:00` 将 PostgreSQL 备份到生产 clone 目录下的 `./backups/db`。备份容器使用宿主机普通用户运行，不会以 root 保存备份文件。备份采用 PostgreSQL custom format，并在写入后校验；超过 30 天的备份会自动删除。
+`backup` 容器每天北京时间 `02:00` 使用 PostgreSQL custom format 执行一次逻辑备份，写入生产 clone 目录下的 `./backups/db`。备份先写入临时文件，能够读取归档目录后再改为正式文件；dump 权限为 `0600`，超过 30 天自动删除。

-`BACKUP_UID` 和 `BACKUP_GID` 应设置为生产宿主机运行 Cents 的普通用户 UID/GID；默认值为 `1001`。
+当前应用的业务数据全部存放在 PostgreSQL 中，因此不备份运行中的 Docker volume。证书可以重新签发，代码由 Git 保存。若将来增加上传文件等数据库外的持久化数据，需要再单独备份对应目录。
+
+备份成功后会更新 `./backups/.last-success`。容器启动后的前 26 小时是健康检查宽限期，此后若定时器未运行，或超过 30 小时没有完整成功的备份，`backup` 容器会变为 unhealthy。
+
+`.env` 不随数据库 dump 备份，其中的部署参数应另行保存在密码管理器等安全位置。
+
+### 远程备份（可选）
+
+远程服务器地址配置在生产部署使用的 `.env` 中。配置后，每次本地备份成功都会通过 SCP 上传本次新 dump；未配置 `BACKUP_SSH_HOST` 时只保留本地备份。
+
+```text
+BACKUP_SSH_HOST=backup.example.com   # 置空则禁用远程备份
+BACKUP_SSH_USER=backup               # 建议使用只管理备份目录的非 root 用户
+BACKUP_SSH_PORT=22
+BACKUP_SSH_DIR=/home/backup/cents    # 必须是非根绝对路径，不能包含空格
+```
+
+SCP 使用生产宿主机当前用户的 `~/.ssh`，该目录以只读方式挂载到容器。建议为备份创建专用 SSH 密钥，并通过 `~/.ssh/config` 为备份主机指定该密钥。身份验证强制使用 SSH key，禁止密码登录。
+
+首次启动备份容器前，先在宿主机手动连接一次，以核对并记录主机指纹：
+
+```bash
+ssh -p 22 backup@backup.example.com true
+```
+
+远端文件先以隐藏的临时文件上传，完成后再改为正式名称。远端 dump 同样保留 30 天；不会镜像删除本地目录中的其他内容。

 查看调度和备份日志：

@ -107,3 +132,14 @@ docker compose --env-file .env -f compose.pro.yaml exec backup \
 ```text
 ./backups/db/cents-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.dump
 ```
+
+建议在首次部署及之后偶尔将最新 dump 恢复到临时数据库，确认备份实际可用：
+
+```bash
+docker compose --env-file .env -f compose.pro.yaml exec db \
+  createdb -U cents cents_restore
+docker compose --env-file .env -f compose.pro.yaml exec backup \
+  pg_restore --dbname=cents_restore /backups/db/cents-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.dump
+docker compose --env-file .env -f compose.pro.yaml exec db \
+  dropdb -U cents cents_restore
+```
--- a/compose.pro.yaml
+++ b/compose.pro.yaml
@ -35,27 +35,37 @@ services:
      - app

  backup:
-    image: postgres:17-alpine
+    image: cents-backup
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile_inline: |
+        FROM postgres:17-alpine
+        RUN apk add --no-cache openssh-client
    restart: unless-stopped
-    user: "${BACKUP_UID:-1001}:${BACKUP_GID:-1001}"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      PGHOST: db
      PGDATABASE: ${POSTGRES_DB:-cents}
      PGUSER: ${POSTGRES_USER:-cents}
      PGPASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+      BACKUP_SSH_HOST: ${BACKUP_SSH_HOST:-}
+      BACKUP_SSH_USER: ${BACKUP_SSH_USER:-backup}
+      BACKUP_SSH_PORT: ${BACKUP_SSH_PORT:-22}
+      BACKUP_SSH_DIR: ${BACKUP_SSH_DIR:-}
    entrypoint: ["/usr/local/bin/cents-backup"]
    volumes:
-      - ./backups/db:/backups
+      - ./backups:/backups
+      - ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh:ro
      - ./deploy/postgres-backup.sh:/usr/local/bin/cents-backup:ro
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pgrep crond >/dev/null"]
+      test: ["CMD", "/usr/local/bin/cents-backup", "health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 3
+      start_period: 26h
    networks:
      - app

--- a/deploy/frp/frps.example.toml
+++ b/deploy/frp/frps.example.toml
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Copy this to the public VPS and adapt it for frps.
-bindPort = 7000
-vhostHTTPPort = 80
-vhostHTTPSPort = 443
-
-# If your frps requires authentication, configure it on both frps and frpc.
-# auth.method = "token"
-# auth.token = "replace-with-a-secret-token"
-
--- a/deploy/postgres-backup.sh
+++ b/deploy/postgres-backup.sh
@ -3,13 +3,59 @@
 set -eu

 backup_dir=${BACKUP_DIR:-/backups}
+ssh_key_dir=/root/.ssh
+success_marker="$backup_dir/.last-success"
+
+ssh_host=${BACKUP_SSH_HOST:-}
+ssh_user=${BACKUP_SSH_USER:-backup}
+ssh_port=${BACKUP_SSH_PORT:-22}
+ssh_dir=${BACKUP_SSH_DIR:-}
+
+ssh_opts="-o BatchMode=yes -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes"
+
+copy_remote() {
+  target=$1
+  [ -n "$ssh_host" ] || return 0
+  [ -d "$ssh_key_dir" ] || {
+    printf 'SSH key directory %s not found\n' "$ssh_key_dir" >&2
+    return 1
+  }
+  case "$ssh_port" in
+    ''|*[!0-9]*) printf 'BACKUP_SSH_PORT must be numeric\n' >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  case "$ssh_user" in
+    ''|*[!A-Za-z0-9_.-]*) printf 'BACKUP_SSH_USER contains unsupported characters\n' >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  case "$ssh_dir" in
+    /|''|*[!A-Za-z0-9_./-]*)
+      printf 'BACKUP_SSH_DIR must be a non-root absolute path without spaces\n' >&2
+      return 1
+      ;;
+    /*) ;;
+    *)
+      printf 'BACKUP_SSH_DIR must be an absolute path\n' >&2
+      return 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  filename=$(basename "$target")
+  remote="$ssh_user@$ssh_host"
+  remote_target="$ssh_dir/$filename"
+  remote_temporary="$ssh_dir/.$filename.tmp"
+
+  ssh $ssh_opts -p "$ssh_port" "$remote" "mkdir -p '$ssh_dir'" >/dev/null
+  scp $ssh_opts -P "$ssh_port" "$target" "$remote:$remote_temporary"
+  ssh $ssh_opts -p "$ssh_port" "$remote" \
+    "mv '$remote_temporary' '$remote_target' && find '$ssh_dir' -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'cents-*.dump' -mtime +29 -delete"
+  printf 'Backup copied to %s:%s\n' "$remote" "$remote_target"
+}

 run_backup() {
  umask 077
-  mkdir -p "$backup_dir"
+  mkdir -p "$backup_dir/db"

  timestamp=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)
-  target="$backup_dir/cents-$timestamp.dump"
+  target="$backup_dir/db/cents-$timestamp.dump"
  temporary="$target.tmp"
  trap 'rm -f "$temporary"' EXIT INT TERM

@ -18,8 +64,21 @@ run_backup() {
  mv "$temporary" "$target"
  trap - EXIT INT TERM

-  find "$backup_dir" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'cents-*.dump' -mtime +29 -delete
  printf 'Backup created: %s\n' "$target"
+
+  copy_remote "$target"
+  find "$backup_dir/db" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'cents-*.dump' -mtime +29 -delete
+  touch "$success_marker"
+  printf 'Backup completed successfully\n'
+}
+
+check_health() {
+  pgrep crond >/dev/null || return 1
+  [ -f "$success_marker" ] || return 1
+  now=$(date +%s)
+  last_success=$(stat -c %Y "$success_marker")
+  age=$((now - last_success))
+  [ "$age" -ge 0 ] && [ "$age" -le 108000 ]
 }

 case "${1:-cron}" in
@ -27,13 +86,14 @@ case "${1:-cron}" in
    run_backup
    ;;
  cron)
-    cron_dir=/tmp/cents-crontabs
-    mkdir -p "$cron_dir"
    printf '%s\n' \
-      '0 3 * * * /usr/local/bin/cents-backup run >> /proc/1/fd/1 2>> /proc/1/fd/2' \
-      > "$cron_dir/$(id -u)"
-    printf 'Backup scheduler started: daily at 03:00 %s, retaining 30 days\n' "${TZ:-local time}"
-    exec crond -f -l 2 -c "$cron_dir"
+      '0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/cents-backup run >> /proc/1/fd/1 2>> /proc/1/fd/2' \
+      > /etc/crontabs/root
+    printf 'Backup scheduler started: daily at 02:00 %s, retaining 30 days\n' "${TZ:-local time}"
+    exec crond -f -l 2
+    ;;
+  health)
+    check_health
    ;;
  *)
    printf 'Unknown command: %s\n' "$1" >&2
--- a/docs/内网穿透调试.md
+++ b/docs/内网穿透调试.md
@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
 - VPS 开放 `80`、`443` 和 `7000`。
 - VPS 的 `frps` 配置了 HTTP/HTTPS vhost 端口。

-参考配置：
-
- `deploy/frp/frps.example.toml`
-
 ## 本机配置

 调试模式不读取 `.env`，配置直接写在 `compose.dev.yaml`：